Electric Power Steering 

Electric power steering (EPS) is a power steering system that uses an electric motor to assist the driver in steering the vehicle. Unlike traditional hydraulic power steering systems that rely on a hydraulic pump, hoses, and fluid, EPS operates electronically and does not require any hydraulic components.
In an electric power steering system, a sensor detects the driver's steering input and sends signals to an electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU then calculates the amount of assistance required and controls the electric motor accordingly.

The electric motor is typically mounted on the steering column or the rack and pinion assembly. It generates torque that assists the driver in turning the wheels. The level of assistance can be adjusted based on factors such as vehicle speed, steering wheel position, and driving conditions. At higher speeds, the assistance may be reduced to provide better road feel and stability, while at lower speeds, it can be increased to make parking and maneuvering easier.
One of the main advantages of electric power steering is its efficiency. Since it doesn't rely on a continuously operating hydraulic pump, EPS consumes less energy, which can lead to improved fuel efficiency. It also offers more flexibility in terms of tuning the steering feel and response, as the system can be programmed to provide different levels of assistance and feedback.

Additionally, electric power steering eliminates the need for maintenance associated with hydraulic systems, such as checking and replacing fluid. It also allows for the integration of various advanced driver-assistance features, such as lane-keeping assist and automated parking, by leveraging the electronic control system. Overall, electric power steering provides a more modern and efficient approach to power steering, offering benefits such as improved fuel economy, customizable steering feel, and the potential for advanced driver-assistance features.

EPS: Electric power steering systems use an electric motor to assist in steering.
Hydraulic Power Steering: Hydraulic power steering systems rely on a hydraulic pump driven by the engine.

EPS: Electric power steering is more energy-efficient since the electric motor only consumes power when assistance is required, resulting in improved fuel economy.
Hydraulic Power Steering: Hydraulic systems operate continuously, using engine power even when steering assistance is not needed, which can lead to slightly lower fuel efficiency.

EPS: Electric power steering systems require less maintenance compared to hydraulic systems. They don't use hydraulic fluid, so there's no need for fluid checks or replacements.
Hydraulic Power Steering: Hydraulic systems require periodic maintenance, including checking the fluid level and condition, and occasional fluid flushes or replacements.

EPS: Electric power steering allows for more customizable steering feel and response. The system's software can be programmed to adjust the level of assistance and feedback based on driving conditions and driver preferences.
Hydraulic Power Steering: Hydraulic systems generally provide a more traditional and "heavier" steering feel. Some drivers prefer the road feedback and resistance offered by hydraulic power steering.

EPS: Electric power steering can be easily integrated with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) due to its electronic nature. This enables features like lane-keeping assist, automated parking, and adaptive steering.
Hydraulic Power Steering: Integrating hydraulic systems with ADAS is more complex and requires additional components, making it less flexible for incorporating advanced driver-assistance features.

In summary, both EPS and hydraulic power steering have their advantages and considerations:
EPS is more energy-efficient, requires less maintenance, allows for customizable steering feel, and facilitates integration with driver-assistance features.
Hydraulic power steering offers a traditional steering feel but consumes more energy, requires maintenance, and has limited integration capabilities.
The choice between the two ultimately depends on factors such as vehicle type, desired steering characteristics, fuel efficiency requirements, and the level of integration with advanced driver-assistance systems.